I-1 Uma i-bearing ifakiwe, ububanzi obungaphakathi bokuthwala kanye ne-shaft, ububanzi obungaphandle kanye nezindlu kubaluleke kakhulu.Lapho ukulingana kuxega kakhulu, indawo yokukhwelana izoshelela ngokuhlobene, okubizwa ngokuthi i-creep.Uma i-creep seyenzekile, izogqoka indawo yokukhwelana, ilimaze i-shaft noma igobolondo, futhi impushana egugile izohlasela ingaphakathi le-bearing, ibangele ukushisa, ukudlidliza nokulimala.Uma ukuphazanyiswa kukhulu kakhulu, ububanzi bangaphandle bendandatho yangaphandle buyoba buncane noma ububanzi bangaphakathi bendandatho yangaphakathi bube bukhudlwana, okuzonciphisa ukuvunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwebheringi.Ukwengeza, ukunemba kwejometri ye-shaft kanye nokucubungula igobolondo kuzophinde kuthinte ukunemba kwangempela kwendandatho yokuthwala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kokuthwala.
1.1 Ukukhetha kokulingana 1.1.1 Ubunjalo bomthwalo kanye nokukhetha kokulingana kuncike endleleni lapho ithwala lithwala khona umthwalo kanye nezimo zokuzungezisa zamaringi angaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokuvamile abhekisela kuThebula 1. Ithebula 1 Ubunjalo be umthwalo ohlanganisiwe nezimo zokuzungezisa zebhering ehambisanayo I-Legend Layisha imvelo Indlela yokufaka Indandatho yangaphakathi: iyazungeza Indandatho engalungile: Isiqondiso somthwalo omile: Indandatho eqinile yangaphakathi Umthwalo ojikelezayo Indandatho yangaphandle Umthwalo omile Indandatho emile yangaphakathi: Ukulingana okuqinile (ukulingana kokuphazamiseka) Iringi yangaphandle: Ukulingana okunamandla (i-clearance fit) iyatholakala Indandatho yangaphakathi: I-Static Negative Iringi: Indlela yokulayisha ezungezayo: Izungeza kanyekanye nendandatho yangaphandle Iringithoni yangaphakathi: Iyazungeza Indandatho embi: Indawo yokulayisha emile: Indandatho emile yangaphakathi Umthwalo omile Umthwalo ozungezayo wendandatho yangaphandle Iringi yangaphakathi: Ukulingana okunamandla kuyatholakala (Sula ilingane) Iringi yangaphandle: Ukulingana okuqinile (ukulingana kokuphazamiseka) Iringi yangaphakathi: I-Static Negative Ring: Iyazungeza Indawo yokulayisha: Ukuzungezisa kanyekanye neringi yangaphakathi.I-2) Ukufaneleka okunconyiwe Ukuze ukhethe ukulingana okulungele inhloso, imvelo, ubukhulu, izimo zokushisa zomthwalo othwalayo, kanye nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokufakwa nokuhlakazwa kwe-bearing kufanele kucatshangelwe.Uma ukuthwala kufakwe kugobolondo elinezindonga ezincane noma ku-shaft engenalutho, ukuphazanyiswa kudinga ukuba kukhulu kunokujwayelekile;igobolondo elihlukile kulula ukuguqula indandatho yangaphandle yokuthwala, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha lapho indandatho yangaphandle idinga ukufakwa ngokwezibalo;esimweni sokudlidliza okukhulu, amasongo angaphakathi nangaphandle kufanele athathe ukulingana okumile.
Ukuze uthole ukulingana okujwayelekile okunconyiwe, bheka kuThebula 2, Ithebula 3 Ithebula 2 Izimo ezisebenzayo zamabheringi namashafti (okuzobhekisela kuwo) Ububanzi be-shaft (mm) Amazwana amabheringi ayindilinga Amabhodi amabhola Amabheringi angama-cylindrical roller Amabheringi acijile Ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo Amabheringi aphakathi nendawo Ama-cylindrical bore bearings kanye neringi yangaphandle ye-shaft Umthwalo ojikelezayo udinga iringi yangaphakathi ukuze kube lula ukuhamba ku-shaft Zonke izilinganiso zamasondo e-shaft emile g6 Uma ukunemba kuyadingeka, sebenzisa i-g5, h5, ama-bearings amakhulu kanye nezidingo. ukunyakaza okulula kungasetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni sika-h6 Iringi yangaphakathi idinga ukuba kube lula ukuhamba ku-shaft I-Tensioner frame, i-sheave h6 Iringi yangaphakathi iyazungeza noma isiqondiso singapheli.Umthwalo omncane ungaphansi kuka-0.06Cr(1).— — Js5 Uma ukunemba kudingekile, sebenzisa isigaba se-p5, futhi usebenzise u-h5 ukuze uthole ama-bearings amabhola anembayo enobubanzi bangaphakathi obungu-18mm noma ngaphansi.0.13) Umthwalo we-Cr (1) engxenyeni evamile yokuthwala ungaphansi kuka-18 kumamotho amakhulu kagesi, izinjini zomoya, amaphampu, izinsimbi zenjini, ukuhanjiswa kwamagiya, nemishini yokwenza ukhuni — amabherengi amarola anerowu eyodwa anomugqa owodwa kanye nebhola eliwumugqa owodwa ama-bearings angashintshwa nge-k6 kanye ne-m6 k5, m5.18-100 ngezansi 40 p6 140-200 40-100 40-65 r6 200-280 100-140 65-100 r7— 140-200 100-140 n6— 200-400 140-5—28 phezu kuka-500 r7 umthwalo osindayo (ngaphezu kuka-0.13Cr(1)) ujantshi wesitimela noma umthwalo onomthelela, ithilamu yemoto yezimboni umshini omkhulu wokwakha umshini wokwakha umshini wokupopola—50-140 50-100 n6 amabheringi adinga imvume enkulu kunokujwayelekile — 140-200 100-140 p6 — more than 200 140-200 r6 — — 200-500 r7 Bearing axial load kuphela Zonke izingxenye ezithwele izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene Zonke izilinganiso Js6 (j6) — Ithebula 3 I-Radial bear kanye nembobo yezindlu Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zezimo ezifanayo (inkomba) Ukubekezelela imigodi yezindlu ikilasi Ukunyakaza kwendandatho yangaphandle Amazwana Imbobo yendlu ehlanganisiwe Indandatho yangaphandle Umthwalo ozungezayo Umthwalo owudongeni Umthwalo osindayo Amasondo emoto (ama-roller bears) Amasondo e-crane agijimayo P7 Iringi yangaphandle ayikwazi ukuhamba iye ohlangothini lwe-axial.
Umthwalo ojwayelekile, isondo lemoto elisindayo (eliphethe ibhola) isikrini esidlidlizayo esingu-N7 umthwalo okhanyayo noma i-pulley yokudlulisa umthwalo oguquguqukayo, i-pulley tensioner M7 umthwalo ongaqondile umthwalo omkhulu onethonya elikhulu injini yomthwalo ovamile wethilamu noma umthwalo omncane wephampu crankshaft medium kanye nenjini enkulu K7 ngaphandle Isimiso, indandatho yangaphandle ayikwazi ukuhambisa isiqondiso se-axial.Iringi yangaphandle ayidingi ukuthi ihambe iye ohlangothini lwe-axial.Imbobo yezindlu ehlanganisiwe noma imbobo yezindlu ehlukene ingumthwalo ovamile noma umthwalo omncane JS7 (J7).Iringi yangaphandle inganyakaza nge-axially.Iringi yangaphandle inganyakaza nge-axially.Ukunyakaza okuqondisayo Umthwalo ojikelezayo wendandatho yangaphakathi Zonke izinhlobo zemithwalo Amabhere avamile Ingxenye yendlu yokuthwala yesitimela H7 Iringi yangaphandle ihamba ngendlela ye-axial kalula - umthwalo ovamile noma umthwalo omncane othwala isihlalo H8 Igobolondo elihlanganisiwe neringi yangaphakathi iba yiphepha lokushisa eliphezulu umshini wokomisa i-G7 umthwalo ojwayelekile, umthwalo okhanyayo, ikakhulukazi udinga ukunemba okujikelezayo kokugaya ibhola lokuphotha elingemuva eline-high-speed centrifugal compressor ohlangothini olungaguquki oluhambisana ne-JS6 (J6) indandatho yangaphandle ingahamba iye ohlangothini lwe-axial - umthwalo ongaqondile wokugaya ibhola lokuphotha elingemuva elinesivinini esikhulu i-Centrifugal I-compressor fixed side bearing K6 Uma iringi yangaphandle igxilile ekuqondeni kwe-axial ngokomgomo, ukulingana kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kuno-K kuyasebenza.Endabeni yezidingo ezikhethekile zokunemba okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa umehluko omncane ovunyelwe ngokuya ngesicelo.Bambisane.
Umthwalo ojikelezayo wendandatho yangaphakathi ushintsha umthwalo, ikakhulukazi odinga ukujikeleza okunembile kanye nokuqina okuphezulu.Amabhodi ama-cylindrical roller ama-spindle amathuluzi omshini i-M6 noma i-N6.Indandatho yangaphandle igxilile ekuqondeni kwe-axial futhi idinga ukusebenza okungenamsindo.Imishini yasendlini H6.Indandatho yangaphandle ihamba ngendlela ye-axial-3), i-shaft 1. Uma ukunemba kwegobolondo kanye nobukhulu obuphezulu be-shaft kanye negobolondo akulungile ngokwanele, ukuthwala kuzothinteka ngakho futhi akukwazi ukwenza ukusebenza okudingekayo.Isibonelo, uma ukunemba kwengxenye yokufakwa kwehlombe akukuhle, izindandatho zangaphakathi nangaphandle zizothambekela.Ngaphandle komthwalo othwalayo, umthwalo ogxilile ekugcineni uzonciphisa impilo yokukhathala kokuthwala, futhi ngokungathí sina, kuzodala umonakalo emgodini kanye ne-sintering.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kwezindlu ngenxa yemithwalo yangaphandle kuncane.Kuyadingeka ukukwazi ukusekela ngokugcwele ukuqina kokuthwala.Ukuphakama kokuqina, kuzuzisa kakhulu umsindo othwalayo nokusabalalisa umthwalo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, ukuqedela ukujika noma ukucubungula umshini oyisicefe kwanele.Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezinezidingo eziqinile ekuphumeni kokujikeleza nomsindo nezimo zokulayisha ezinzima kakhulu, ukuqedwa kokugaya kuyadingeka.Lapho ama-bearings angaphezu kwama-2 ehlelwe kugobolondo jikelele, indawo yokukhwelana yegobolondo kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ikwazi ukucubungula ukubhoboza.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa, ukunemba nokushelela kwe-shaft nezindlu kungasekelwe kuThebula 4 ngezansi.Ithebula 4 Ukunemba nokushelela kwe-shaft nezindlu Into enamabanga Ukubekezelela ukujikeleza kwe-Shaft kwezindlu 0, 6, 5, 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 I-Cylindricity tolerance 0, 6 Grade 5, Grade 4 IT3 IT42 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 Ukubekezelela ukuphuma kwamahlombe Ibanga 0, Grade 6 Ibanga 5, Grade 4 IT3IT3 IT3~IT4IT3 Fitting surface finish Rmax Ama-bearings amancane Ama-bearings amakhulu 3.2S6.3S 6.3S12
2 I-Bearing clearance: I-Bearing clearance ikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 1: Umfanekiso 1 Ukukhipha imvume 2.1 Ukuthwala imvume yangaphakathi Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-bearing clearance yangaphakathi ibhekisela engxenyeni yeringi yangaphakathi noma iringi yangaphandle yebheri uma ingafakiwe kushaft noma ibhokisi lokuthwala.Yilungise, bese wenza uhlangothi olungagxilile lunyakaze ngokukhazimulayo noma nge-axially.Ngokwesiqondiso sokunyakaza, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-radial clearance kanye ne-axial clearance.Lapho ukala ukuvunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwebheringi, ukuze kuzinziswe inani elilinganisiwe, umthwalo wokuhlola ngokuvamile usetshenziswa iringi.Ngakho-ke, inani lokuhlola likhulu kunenani langempela lokuvunyelwa, okungukuthi, kunenani elilodwa ngaphezulu lokuguqulwa okunwebekayo okubangelwa ukusebenzisa umthwalo wokuhlola.Inani langempela lokuvunyelwa kwangaphakathi kwe-bearing lihambisana neThebula 4.5.Ukwanda kokuvunyelwa okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic okungenhla kuyalungiswa.Inani le-elastic deformation of roller bearings alinakwa.Ithebula 4.5 ukulungiswa kwe-radial clearance ukuze kuqedwe umthelela womthwalo wokuhlola (i-deep groove ball bear) Iyunithi: um Imodeli ene-deep groove ububanzi bangaphakathi d (mm) Umthwalo wokuhlola (N) Ukulungiswa kokusula kudlula i-C2 Ordinary C3 C4 C510 (ihlanganisiwe) 18 24.549. amasongo angaphakathi nangaphandle.Encane.Imvume yokugijima ihlobene eduze nempilo yokuthwala, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza nomsindo, ngakho-ke kufanele isethelwe esimweni esihle kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma, uma ukuthwala kusebenza, kunemvume yokugijima engalungile, impilo ye-bearing inkulu kakhulu.Kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukugcina le mvume elungile.Njengoba izimo zesevisi zishintsha, ukuvunyelwa okungalungile kokuthwala kuzokhula ngokufanele, okuholela ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kokuphila kokuthwala noma isizukulwane sokushisa.Ngakho-ke, ukucaciswa kokuqala kwe-bheri ngokuvamile kuhlelwa ukuthi kube kukhulu kunoziro.Umfanekiso 2: Izinguquko ekususweni kwe-radial clearance of bearings 2.3 Imibandela yokukhetha yokuthwala imvume Ngokothiyori, lapho i-abheri isesimweni sokusebenza esiphephile futhi inemvume yokusebenza engalungile kancane, impilo yokuthwala inkulu kakhulu.Kodwa empeleni, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina lesi simo esilungile.Uma isimo esithile sokusetshenziswa sishintsha, ukuvunyelwa okungalungile kuzokwanda, okuzoholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokuthwala impilo noma isizukulwane sokushisa.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha imvume yokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi imvume yokugijima ibe nkulu kancane kunoziro.
Kuma-bearings asetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuzosetshenziswa ukulingana okujwayelekile komthwalo.Lapho isivinini kanye nezinga lokushisa kuyinto evamile, kuphela imvume evamile ehambisanayo okufanele ikhethwe ukuze kutholwe imvume yokugijima efanelekile.Ithebula 6 Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zemvume evamile kakhulu Sebenzisa izimo Izikhathi ezisebenzayo Khetha imvume yokuthwala imithwalo esindayo, imithwalo enomthelela, kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu Izikrini ze-Axle C3 Ezidlidlizayo i-C3 ne-C4 zithwala imithwalo engaqondile, futhi womabili amaringi angaphakathi nangaphandle athatha ukunyakaziswa kwemoto kaloliwe elingana ne-static fit. I-Motor C4 ugandaganda, i-final reducer C4 bearing noma umshini wephepha wangaphakathi wokushisisa, umshini wokomisa i-C3, i-C4 rolling mill roller roller C3 inciphisa ukudlidliza kanye nomsindo we-micro motor C2 lungisa ukuphuma nokulawula ukudlidliza kwe-shaft vibration ithuluzi lokuphotha lomshini we-NTN (ama-roller cylinder roller bearings) C9NA , C0NA.